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OSPF Evaluation Sim

February 9th, 2019 in Lab Sim Go to comments

You have been asked to evaluate an OSPF network and to answer questions a customer has about its operation. Note: You are not allowed to use the show running-config command.

OSPF.jpg

Although in this sim we are not allowed to use “show running-config” command but we post the configuration here so that you can understand more about the topology.

R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast
no shut
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R2
interface Loopback 0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface S0/0
ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast
no shut
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
neighbor 192.168.23.3
R3
interface Loopback 0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
interface S1/0
ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast
no shut
!
interface S1/1
ip address 192.168.13.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast
no shut
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
area 1 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
neighbor 192.168.23.2
R4
interface Loopback 0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 192.168.45.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip address 192.168.46.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 192.168.46.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 1
area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
area 2 nssa
area 3 stub no-summary
R5
interface Loopback0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback1
ip address 5.5.1.1 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback2
ip address 5.5.2.1 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback3
ip address 5.5.3.1 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback4
ip address 5.5.4.1 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.45.5 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 5.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 2
area 2 nssa
R6
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.46.6 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface Loopback 0
ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.46.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0 area 3
area 3 stub

Some notices from above configuration:

+ The OSPF network type between R2 & R3 is non broadcast.
+ R3 and R4 is running virtual-link to connect Area 2 & 3 to Area 0
+ Area 2 is a NSSA area while Area 3 is a Totally Stubby area

You can download this sim to practice at http://www.digitaltut.com/download/ROUTE_OSPF.zip. Please use GNS3 with version older than v1.0 to open it (v0.8.3.1 for example). IOS used in this lab: c3640-jk9s-mz.124-16.bin

Question 1

Explanation

To check OSPF LSA we should use the “show ip ospf database” command on R5:

R5_show_ip_ospf_database.jpg

In this sim there is no LSA Type 4 because there is no ASBR so maybe this question wants to ask about LSA Type 3 (Summary Net Link States).

Note: LSA Type 4 is generated by ABR, not ASBR but without ASBR inside the network there are no LSA Type 4 generated. For more information about OSPF LSA Types please read our OSPF LSA Types Lab tutorial.

R3 advertises LSA Type 1 to R4 then R4 converts it into Type 3 and sends to R5 (because R4 is the ABR) so we see the “Link ID” 3.3.3.3 of R3 is advertising by R4 (4.4.4.4). According to the “Age” column, this LSA was advertised 1858 seconds ago.

Question 2

Explanation

Check the Serial1/0 interface of R3 which is connected to R2 with the “show ip ospf interface serial 1/0” command:

R3_show_ip_ospf_interface_serial.jpg

There are two things we should notice from the output above:
+ The “network type” connection between R2-R3 is “NON_BROADCAST” (usually we have “BROADCAST”). OSPF neighbors are discovered using multicast Hello packets. In non broadcast environment, multicast (and broadcast) messages are not allowed so OSPF neighborship cannot be formed automatically. Therefore we have to establish OSPF neighborship manually by using “neighbor ” command under OSPF process (OSPF will send unicast Hello message to this address). For example on R2 we have to use these commands:

router ospf 1
neighbor 192.168.23.3

And on R3:

router ospf 1
neighbor 192.168.23.2

+ For non broadcast environment the default Hello timer is 30 seconds; Dead timer (time to wait before declaring a neighbor dead) is 120 seconds and Wait timer (causes the interface to exit out of the wait period and select a DR on a broadcast network. This timer is always equal to the dead timer interval) is 120 seconds. In the output we also see the default timers for non broadcast network.

Question 3

Explanation

We can check the number of executed SPF algorithm via the “show ip ospf” command on R4:

R4_show_ip_ospf.jpg

In the output above we can see SPF has been executed 9 times.

Question 4

Explanation

Area 2 (of R5) is a Not-so-Stubby area (NSSA). You can check it by the “show ip ospf” command on R4 or R5 (in Area 2 section). For example, below is the output of “show ip ospf” command on R5:

R5_show_ip_ospf.jpg

In general, NSSA is same as normal area except that it can generate LSA Type 7 (redistribute from another domain) so we can see both Loopback interfaces of R5 & R6 in the routing table of R5.

R5_show_ip_route.jpg

Note: NSSA does not receive a default route by default so you will not see a default route on R5.

Area 3 (of R6) is a Totally-Stubby area so R6 only has one default route to outside world. You can check with the “show ip ospf” command on R4 and R6 (area 3 section):

R4_show_ip_ospf_area3.jpg

R6_show_ip_ospf.jpg

Notice that on R4 you will get more detail (shows “stub area, no summary LSA”) than on R6 (only shows “stub area”).

R6 is in a totally-stubby area so we will not see any R5’s Loopback interfaces in R6 routing table:

R6_show_ip_route.jpg

Note: You can see a default (summary) route to the outside (O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 …)

Comments
Comment pages
1 5 6 7 8 9 12 1016
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    December 3rd, 2017

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  6. 123456
    December 8th, 2017

    Passed, question mentioned on this site are valid, No issues noticed with adding the trunk allowed Comand 1,21-23. No issues noticed either when adding the portchannels on the interfaces, note the tab autosummarize was working and helped me a lot. Labs drag and drops are stil valid

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    December 13th, 2017

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  10. 690/1000
    December 15th, 2017

    Today, I found Q1 – Q3.

    In Q2 unable to show interface command on R3, try execute the show interface command on R1 and R2 to get the answer.

  11. Rakesh
    December 19th, 2017

    Passed the exam today.
    Pay attention to Q2. If you check timers from R3 both answers B and C (in my case) were correct, but from R1 and R2 outputs the network types were different comparing to R3 (along with timers) so A answer is correct in this situation.

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  20. John Doe
    January 10th, 2018

    Dear colleagues which already passed the exam,
    What answer did you choose for Question ? Was it the timers 30-120-120 or was it the neighbour command that needed to be used ?
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