BGP Questions

Here you will find answers to BGP questions

Question 1

Refer to the exhibit. Router RIP is attempting to establish BGP neighbor relationships with routers RT1 and RT3. On the basis of the information that is presented in the exhibit, which two statements are true? (Choose two)

A – RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.1 does not
B – RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.5 does not
C – RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.1 has an incorrect password set
D – RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.5 has an incorrect password set
E – Neighbor 10.0.0.1 has a BGP password set but RTR does not
F – Neighbor 10.0.0.5 has a BGP password set but RTR does not

Answer: A D

Explanation:

You can configure MD5 authentication between two BGP peers, MD5 authentication must be configured with the same password on both BGP peers; otherwise, the connection between them will not be made. If a router has a password configured for a peer, but the other peer does not, a message “No MD5 digest from…” will appear on the console while the routers attempt to establish a Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) session between them. Therefore A is correct because RT1 (with an ip address of 10.0.0.1) is not configured with a password.

Similarly, if the two routers have different passwords configured, a message “Invalid MD5 digest from…” will appear on the screen.

Question 2

Refer to the exhibit diagram and configuration. RTB is summarizing its networks from AS 64100 with the aggregate-address command. However, the show ip route command on RTA reveals the RTB individual networks as well as its summary route. Which option would ensure that only the summary route would appear in the routing table of RTA?

A – Delete the four network statements and leave only the aggregate-address statement in the BGP configuration
B – Add the keyword summary-only to the aggregate-address command
C – Add a static route with a prefix of 192.168.24.0 255.255.252.0 pointing to the null interface
D – Create a route map permitting only the summary address

Answer: B

Explanation

When the aggregate-address command is used within BGP routing, the aggregated address is advertised, along with the more specific routes. The exception to this rule is through the use of the summary-only command. The “summary-only” keyword suppresses the more specific routes and announces only the summarized route.

Question 3

Refer to the exhibit The neighbor 10.1.1.1 weight 200 BGP configuration command has been configured on router A. What will be the result of this configuration?

A – Router A will prefer the path through router B for network 172.20.0.0
B – Router A will prefer the path through router C for network 172.20.0.0
C – Packets from router D will prefer the path through router B for networks advertised by router A
D – Packets from router D will prefer the path through router C for networks advertised by router A

Answer: A

Explanation

The weight attribute is a special Cisco attribute that is used in the path selection process when there is more than one route to the same destination. The higher the weight value, the better the path. The default weight is 0. Therefore, by configuring weight 200 to the neighbor 10.1.1.1, router A will prefer the path through router B for network 172.20.0.0 then the path through router C.

The weight attribute is local to the router and not propagated to other routers. In this case the weight is local to router A so it has no effect on the decision of transferring packets from router D.

Question 4

Based on the show ip bgp summary output. which two statements are true? (Choose two)

A – The BGP session to the 10.1.1.1 neighbor is established
B – The BGP session to the 10.2.2.2 neighbor is established
C – The BGP session to the 10.3.3.3 neighbor is established
D – The router is attempting to establish a BGP peering session with the 10.1.1.1 neighbor
E – The BGP session to the 10.3.3.3 neighbor is established, but the router has not received any BGP routing updates from the 10.3.3.3 neighbor
F – The router is attempting to establish a BGP peering session with the 10.2.2.2 neighbor

Answer: A F

Explanation

The main point of this question is the “State/PfxRcd” column, which shows the BGP states. Below is the list of BGP states in order, from startup to peering:

1 – Idle: the initial state of a BGP connection. In this state, the BGP speaker is waiting for a BGP start event, generally either the establishment of a TCP connection or the re-establishment of a previous connection. Once the connection is established, BGP moves to the next state.

2 – Connect: In this state, BGP is waiting for the TCP connection to be formed. If the TCP connection completes, BGP will move to the OpenSent stage; if the connection cannot complete, BGP goes to Active

3 – Active: In the Active state, the BGP speaker is attempting to initiate a TCP session with the BGP speaker it wants to peer with. If this can be done, the BGP state goes to OpenSent state.

4 – OpenSent: the BGP speaker is waiting to receive an OPEN message from the remote BGP speaker

5 – OpenConfirm: Once the BGP speaker receives the OPEN message and no error is detected, the BGP speaker sends a KEEPALIVE message to the remote BGP speaker

6 – Established: All of the neighbor negotiations are complete. You will see a number (2 in this case), which tells us the number of prefixes the router has received from a neighbor or peer group.

Question 5

Which command displays the IBGP and EBGP neighbors that are configured?

A – show ip bgp
B – show ip bgp paths
C – show ip bgp peers
D – show ip bgp summary

Answer: D

Explanation

The picture below shows the output of the show ip bgp summary

Notice that the “show ip bgp” command to display BGP topology database. Below is the output of the “show ip bgp” command:

Question 6

BGP contains two paths to a destination. Assuming both routes were originated locally and have an equal weight. what will be the next determining factor in choosing the best path?

A – lowest MED
B – highest local preference
C – lowest neighbor IP address
D – lowest origin code
E – shortest AS-path

Answer: B

Explanation

Memorizing the BGP decision process steps is very useful and you should remember them. The table below lists the complete path selection process:

1. Weight (Bigger is better)
2. Local preference (Bigger is better)
3. Self originated (Locally injected is better than iBGP/eBGP learned)
4. AS-Path (Smaller is better)
5. Origin (Prefer ORIGIN code I over E, and E over ?)
6. MED (Smaller is better)
7. External (Prefer eBGP over iBGP)
8. IGP cost (Smaller is better)
9. EBGP Peering (Older is better)
10. RID (Lower is better)

Question 7

Which BGP path attribute is Cisco proprietary?

A. weight
B. MED
C. local preference
D. origin
E. next-hop
F. AS-path

Answer: A

Explanation

The weight attribute is a Cisco proprietary technology. This attribute is local to a router and is not advertised to neighboring routers. If the router learns about more than one route to the same destination, the route with the highest weight will be preferred and will be installed in the routing table. By default, the value of weight is 0 and the range is from 0 to 65535.

The route with the highest weight will be installed in the IP routing table.

Question 8

Which attribute must exist in the BGP update packet?

A. LOCAL_PREF
B. AGGREGATOR
C. AS_Path
D. Weight

Answer: C

Explanation

Origin, AS_Path, Next_Hop are well-known mandatory BGP attributes that all BGP Updates must include.

Note:

There are 4 BGP attribute types:

+ Well-known Mandatory: recognized by all implementations of BGP and must appear in a BGP update message. If missing, a notification error will be generated.
+ Well-Known Discretionary: recognized by all implementations of BGP but may not be sent in the BGP update message (include LOCAL_PREF, ATOMIC_AGGREGATOR).
+ Optional Transitive: may or may not be recognized by all BGP implementations. Because the attribute is transitive, BGP accepts and advertises the attribute even if it is not recognized (include Community attribte).
+ Optional Nontransitive: may or may not be recognized by all BGP implementations. Whether or not the receiving BGP router recognizes the attribute, it is nontransitive and is not passed along to other BGP peers (include MED).

Question 9

When the BGP path selection process is being performed on a Cisco router, which BGP attribute is used first when determining the best path?

A. local preference
B. MED
C. weight
D. origin
E. next-hop
F. AS-path

Answer: C

Explanation

Weight is the first attribute BGP uses in the route selection process. Route with a higher weight is preferred when multiple routes exist to the same destination.

Question 10

Which BGP attribute will not be advertised in routing updates to its neighboring routers?

A. weight
B. local preference
C. origin
D. AS_path
E. next hop

Answer: A

Explanation

Same as Question 7.